ATLAS AND GAZETTEER OF HISTORIC HUNGARY 1914 (Second edition of Administrative Atlas of Hungary 1914)
INTRODUCTION
For the atlas use
The index in the atlas considerably differs from the usual index,
because it also contains statistic type supplements. Though it still has the primary role
that we can find the more than 15,000 objects on the maps fast enough, the data beside the
names also enables, that we can obtain information regarding the inhabitants of the
certain settlement.
For the production of the map and statistical database of the atlas we
used the 1913 year's gazetteer of Hungary and the 1:400 000 scale administrative map
published for the gazetteer in 1914. However, the two publications are not completely
consistent with each other. The administrative lay-out of the gazetteer was recorded in
principle according to the state as of February 1913 (in practice not in a consistent
way), while the statistics of the settlements was made on the base of the national census
data of 1910. On the other hand, on the map published in 1914 the administrative changes
that occurred during 1913 and 1914 were also represented in many cases.
Considering the above, we recorded the administrative lay-out on the
maps of our atlas according to the state as of 31st of December, 1914. However, we could
prepare the settlement databases of our atlas only on the base of the available census of
1910.
This difference implies that the detailed data regarding the language
and denominational affiliation of inhabitants are missing in the case of some settlements:
Both the Hungarian and the Croatian administrative systems had such
features that made more difficult the mapping delineation and the data description alike.
In Hungary, in the case of enclaves (such settlements that lies not on
the territory of that administrative unit, which they administratively belong to) we chose
the solution, that we delineated them on their actual territory, but in the database we
stated their administrative relation and we referred to their different territorial
relation in a note.
An example from the Hungarian index:
Háromszlécs 3C3 Liptó vm. Rózsahegyi j. 1943
7m 1911sl
1914rk 20 ev [The settlement lies on the territory of Németlipcse region.]
The settlement named as Háromszlécs can be found on the map-section no. 3. in the field C3 of seeking net. Administratively the settlement belonged to Rózsahegy region of Liptó county and had 1943 inhabitants in 1910. Out of total number of inhabitants, 7 people avowed himself/herself to be Hungarian, and 1911 people to be Slovakian, while rest of the inhabitants belonged to other ethnic groups. Out of total number of inhabitants 1914 people avowed himself/herself to be Roman Catholic, and 20 people to be Lutheran according to the census of 1910. According to the note in the brackets Háromszlécs is such an enclave, though which lies on the territory of Németlipcse region (it can be found there on the map, too), administratively it is included in Rózsahegyi region.
As it is shown by the above data we do not state the nationality and denominational distribution of the inhabitants in full details. If the settlement's inhabitants are highly distributed, then we present its three most populous data both from nationality and denominational aspects, however if one of them constitutes a persuasive majority, then we do not go into details regarding the remained few percentages. If the Hungarian inhabitants are present on a settlement, then we indicate their data in most cases.
The administration of Croatia was founded by the Act on Administration introduced in 1886. In 1910 562 administrative authorities existed in total, meanwhile the number of settlements (cities, villages, ranches) exceeded 4000. Out of the 562 administrative authorities 545 were included among the political settlements. The political settlements were formed either from a single taxation settlement, or from several taxation settlements and their related settlement regions and other inhabited areas.
In our atlas, beside the cities and political settlements we also included all of the taxation settlements, therefore the number of Croatian settlements amounts to 2338. We note hereby, that on the map and in the Croatian index we indicated in both languages those settlements, which also had Hungarian designations.
We solved the delineation and data-type presentation of the political settlements as follows: On the map-sections we drew the border of the political settlements with thicker line at the settlement borders, and indicated the centre of the political settlement with broken underlining. In fact, these centres were emerged from the taxation settlements related to the political settlements. In most cases, they lend even their names to the political settlements. This is how it can happen that the same designation can be included twice in Croatia in the index of our atlas. Once as a taxation settlement, and once as the centre of the certain political settlement. The reason for the double designation is given by the settlement related inhabitant data. As taxation settlement we can find only the settlement's own number of inhabitants, but if the certain taxation settlement also functions as a political settlement at the same time, then its number of inhabitants includes jointly the number of residents of its every related taxation settlement and of other inhabited places, and regarding this data we also receive details about the ethnic and denominational distribution.
Examples from the Croatian index:
Martijanec 30A1 Varazdin (Varasd) vm. Ludbregi j. Martijanec pk. 1320
Martijanec taxation settlement can be found on the map-section no. 30. in the field A1 of seeking net. Administratively it belonged to Martijanec political settlement in Ludbregi region of Varazdin (Varasd) county and had 1320 inhabitants in 1910.
Martijanec 30A1 Varazdin (Varasd) vm. Ludbregi j. pk. 4785
16m 8n 4725h
4746rk 36 iz
Martijanec political settlement can be found on the map-section no. 30. in the field A1 of seeking net. Administratively it was a political settlement in Ludbregi region of Varazdin (Varasd) county and had 4785 inhabitants in the taxation settlements administratively connected to it and in other inhabited areas in 1910. Out of total number of inhabitants, 16 people avowed himself/herself to be Hungarian, 8 people to be German and 4725 people to be Croatian, while rest of the inhabitants belonged to other ethnic groups. Out of total number of inhabitants 4746 people avowed himself/herself to be Roman Catholic, and 36 people to be Jewish according to the census of 1910.
Other remarks
In the Hungarian index the designations of settlements follow the
alphabetical order according to the spelling of the Academy. The long and short pairs of
the vowels is considered to be same letter in ranking, while among the consonants the
digraph ones are accounted as separate letters.
The Croatian index follows the alphabetic ordering rules of the
Croatian language. The Hungarian designations presented there were also ranked according
to this.
In both indexes we included the official designations being in effect
in 1914, and according to the general spelling of that time.
Apart from the administrative lay-out of Hungary, the entire transport
network of the state can also be found on the map-sections. With purposes of providing
information, we also indicated other objects (such as baths, castles, ruins of castles).
On the empty parts of the sections presenting the borderland of the country, we placed the
overall maps of the major cities in Hungary. These maps were prepared at around the turn
of the century, but not at the same time, and even differences in style can be noticed on
them. Despite this, we decided to publish them, because we believe, that these
contemporary, rare city maps also promote to study the era.
The thematic maps of the atlas, except for the data of the maps
presenting the Post Directorates (1902.), were prepared by using the data of the census
made in 1910.
We tried our best to avoid, that error could get into the database of
the atlas, that contains several ten thousands data. We kindly request the dear readers to
give a notice to our publisher, if they still observe error in the content.
Abbreviation and signs
szfv. | capital |
fv. | capital |
vm. | county |
j. | region |
tjv. | municipal (right) city |
rtv. | city with sound council |
pk. | political settlement (in Croatian-Slavonia) |
ak. | taxation settlement (in Croatian-Slavonia) |
m | Hungarian |
n | German |
sl | Slovakian |
ro | Romanian |
ru | Russniak |
h | Croatian |
sr | Serbian |
v | Wend (Slovenian) |
l | Polish |
c | Gipsy |
g | Greek |
o | Italian |
b | Bunievatz |
so | Socatz |
cs | Czech and Moravian |
bo | Bulgarian |
rk | Roman Catholic |
gk | Greek Catholic |
r | Calvinist |
ev | Lutheran |
go | Greek Orthodox |
un | Unitarian |
iz | Jewish |
![]() |
ethnic composition of the inhabitants |
![]() |
denominational composition of the inhabitants |
H |
Hungary |
SK | Slovakia |
A | Austria |
YU | Yugoslavia |
RO | Romania |
UA | Ukraine |
PL | Poland |
HR | Croatia |
SLO | Slovenia |
BIH | Bosnia |